Heating and ventilating system



March 18, 1941. 1,-, P. GRUTzNi-:R I 2235152,-

HEATING AND VENTILATING sYs'rE Filed oct. 9, 1939 NvENToR FRITZ PAIUL GRuTzNER ATTORNEY.

Patented Mar. 18, 1941 UNITED STATES HEATING AND VENTILATING SYSTEM Fritz Pani Grutxner, Beloit, Wis., assignor to Fairbanks, Morse Co ration ci Illinois q Chicago, Ill., a corpo- Application October 9, 1939, Serial No. 298,592 .4 Claims. (Cl. 237-2) This invention relatesto improvements in heating and ventilating systems, andmore partlcular-V 1y to an improved heating andventilating system incombination with an internal comlmsticn en- 5 gine, wherein the engine serves as the source oi both heat and power for the system. The instant application is a continuation in part of my application for United States Letters Patent, for Heating and ventilating systems, led June 15,

0 193e, and bearing serial 110.85372.

As is well known, the function of the internal combustion engine is to transform thermal energy into mechanical energy, the mechanical energy thereby produced -being utilized directly for power purposes, or icr producing electrical energy, as by utilizing the engine to drive an electric generator. However, as a power producing agency, the internal combustion engine is notoriously inefilcient, since less than haii of the total Y thermal energy produced as a result of iuel comthe exhaust, in the jacket cooling system and through mechanical friction and radiation. Moreover, as will be readily understood, the total thermal energy produced in an engine is proportionate to and varies with the power loading thereof. Thus, when the engine is operating at substantially its full load capacity, the total waste heat, being that heat lest inthe exhaiut gases, engine cooling system, friction of engine moving parts and radiation, will be considerably greater than when the engine is running under no load or under load less than iull load. A substantial portion ci' this waste heat, particularly that lost in the engine cooling system and in the exhaust gases, may be recovered and utilized for heating 40 purposes. Accordingly, the present invention contemplates an improved system iorfrecovering the normally waste heat produced lby an internal combustion engine while in operation, and ap plying such heat to the heating oi automotive vehicles, aircraft. ships and the like.

Hence, it is an object oi the present invention to provide an improved heating and Ventilating part oi the power developed thereby, is utilized.

in the system.' More specincally stated, the object is to provide-a heating and Ventilating system for buildings, ships, automotive vehicles, and

as' the like, wherein the waste heat produced by an internal combustion engine in operation, is utilized as the heating medium for the heating apparatus oi the system, and wherein the power developed by the engine is utilized for operating the ventilating and other apparatus of the system, 5 and for general power purposes. Another object is found in the provision in a system oi the type desscx'i-bed, of automatically operated control means for supplying heated air.

`to an object or space tobe heated. the means 10 being operable to `proportion the delivery of heated air thereto according to the heat requirements of such space, and to vent tothe atmosphere any remaining portion of the heated air not required for heating purposes. 15 A further object is to provide in a system oil the type described, automatically operable control means for supplying heated air to an object or space to be heated, the delivery oi heated air thereto by such means being controlled by a suit- 2 able device of thermostatic type located in the space to be heated, and operable t0 relllte the means in accordance with the heat requirements lof the space, the control oi heat delivery by the thermostat being eilected independently of the 25- I amount of waste heat produced by the engine during its operation..

A still further object is to provide in a 'system oi the type noted, automatically controlled heating and Ventilating apparatus including a blower 3 and 'a heat exchanger' device or radiator, and air stream directingmeans, the apparatus functioning to create a positive ilow oi air through the radiator, by which the air is heated, and to deliver through the directing means. Part or all oi 35' the heated air either to a space to be heated or to the outside atmosphere, thepositive ilow oiair created by the blower also serving to eiiect a circulation of the airin and through the space for the ventilation thereof. l i

- Yet another object is iound in the Provision in a system oi the type described, of regulated heating and ventilating apparatus including a raditem of thenengine, `including an exhaust silencer therein, in which the blower serves to create a positive air stream which is directed throushthe radiator and about the exhaust silencer. to be ator and a blower'and the exhaust discharge sys. u"

. heated thereby; the apparatus also including an automatically controlled humidifier comprised ci awater spray device'lccated in the,

. path oi the air'stream eiieeted by the blower, whereby the water spray will be entrained in air stream and evaporated to 'providethe desired gs jacket cooling system, the apparatus serving to cool the jacket water and in doing so to'heat air for delivery to an object or space to be heated, and automatic regulating means of thermostatic type. for controlling the rate of jacket water cooling by the heat transfer apparatus, such control being eifected independently of the demand for heat by the object or space to be heated.

in a system of the type described. of heat transfer apparatus of the forced air circulation type for supplying heated air to an object or space to be heated. in which air to be heated is-forced through the heat transfer apparatus and then through air delivery means by which the heated air is directed in varyingproportion to the object or space, according to demand for heat therein, with the remainder of the heated air vented to the outside atmosphere or some other space. 'I'he apparatus is adapted to provide complete ventilation of the space, as by venting to atmosphere all the heated air passing through the transfer lng the division of heated air to the atmosphere and to the space to be heated in accordance with the degree of heat demand of the space, the demand being by preference, `registered upon a"l thermostatic device which controls the proporw tloning oi' the air flow.

From the foregoing objects it will appear that, generally stated, the present invention attains a combined power and heating and ventilating system employing an internal combustion engine as a source of power, and -utilizing as sources of heat the exhaust and jacket heat of the engine, the arrangement preferably lbeing such thata space is heated and ventilated under automatic control; further `such that exhaust heat recovery and engine cooling action are both automatically controlled. The inyention further attains full thermostatic control of engine cooling and space heating through thermostatic apparatus preferably acting independently for these purposes in a system utilizing the same heat transfer apparatus for both room heating and engine cooling.

The foregoing and numerous other objects and advantages will be found from the following description and from the drawing, the single iig ure of which is a diagrammatic illustration of a preferred embodiment of the system incorporating the features of the present invention.

While the system embodying the improvements of the present invention may be employed in combination with any suitable type of internal combustion engine, it is preferred to describe and illustrate the system as applied to an engine of Diesel type, since this type of engine is recognized as being an economical transformer of thermal energy into mechanical energy. Moreover, the system presently to be described is readily applicable to the heating and ventilating of residences and buildings generally, railway and4 automotive vehicles', ships, aircraft and the like.

Referring to the drawing, an engine i of Diesel type is arranged within a building il which contains a space or spaces to be heated and ventilated, the engine in addition to its service as a heating unit, serving to provide power for genassunta eral use in the building. In the example illustrated, the engine serves to drive a generator il for providing electric power. The engine may be of single of multi-cylinder type with each cylinder provided with an exhaust conduit i! leading to an exhaust manifold i3. The manifold is. by

preference, disposed within a depression or pit il in the base or floor il of the building.` An exhaust silencer housing it is shown as located adjacent to and externally of the building Il. but Lwhich may be a part of the building, and within which is disposed an exhaust silencer i1. An exl haust outlet il extends from the upper end of the A still further object is found in the provision silencer and through the roof il of the housing. tovent the exhaust gases to the atmosphere. A conduit 20 connects the lower end of the silencer with an exhaust chamber 2| disposed in a pit 22 beneath the housing Il. while the manifold I8 and chamber 2i are connected by a conduit 23. Thus the exhaust gases from the engine flow through the conduit or conduits i2 to the manifold I8. thence through conduit 23 to the chamber 2i and through conduit 2l, silencer I1 and exhaust vent Il to the atmosphere. Since the exhaust silencer i1 becomes heated to an appreciable extent during operationof the engine, it may readily serve as a heating unit for heating air which then may be circulated through the building il.

Accordingly. an air conduit 24 is. by preference, disposed adjacent the iloor of the building with one end 2l thereof extending through the wall 2l of .the building so as to communicate with the interior of the silencer housing Il. Located within and adjacent the opposite end 21 of the air conduit 2l is an air blower 2l which may be op. erated by an electric motor 2l. vAn air opening or passage Il is arranged in the wall Il, providing for the flow of air from the silencer housing into the building ll. Arranged at the opening are a plurality of adjustable dampers 3| connected for concurrent movement, as by a bar 32. The dampers are regulated to control the air now through the passage ll by a motor 3l having 'an operating connection u with bar 32. the operation of the motor being, by preference, controlled by a room thermostat such as that illustrated at 3l. The operating connection between the motor and thermostat may be provided for by any well known circuit arrangement generally employed for this purpose, the control arrangement being such that the thermostat functions to operate the motor in a manner to regulate the amount of hot air ilow into the building through the passage provided therefor, responsively to the climatic conditions existing within the building. By way of example, the circuit connections are shown broadly, in a diagrammatic manner in the drawing. Energizing current for the circuit may be supplied by the generator I I, driven by the engine l. A-generator power main is indicated at Il, from which a connection llleads to motor 33. A control circuit Il interconnects the thermostat Il and motor n. The thermostat may be of a well known potentiometer type and the motor ll so constructed as to be controlled thereby inV a manner to position the louvers or dempers 3i in full-open, full-closed or in any intermediate position. as dictated by the heating demand in the space te be heated.

an outer wall of the silencer housing .so as to be open to the atmosphere. and arranged in the opening are adjustable dampers 4l connected to- The air control position of the dampers Il is regulated concurrently with the positioning of the dampers 3l by the-motor 33, as by an interconnecting lever 43 arranged in the manner illustrated. The arrangement of the dampers as connected forL concurrent operation, is' such that as the dampers 3| in passage Il are actuated toward full-.closed position, the dampers in opening I0 will be actuated toward full-open position, and vice versa. Positioning of the dampers 3i intermediate their full-open and full-closed positions will also effecten intermediate positioning of the dampers I l In the operation of the system. the blower- 28 when operated creates a positive stream of air, the air being drawn Afrom within the building and forced through the conduit 2l into the silencer housing where it becomes heated by contact with the hot silencer Il, which in the arrangement disclosed thus serves the purpose of an exhaust heater. If the room thermostat 35 registers a maximumdemand for heat'inthe building, it will cause operation of the motor 33 to actuate the dampers 3i to full-open position, and concurrently therewith to actuate the kdampers il to full-closed position. In this instance,

all the heated air in the silencer housing will flow through passage Il into the building, wherein it will circulate and ilnally be drawn by the fan or blowerback into the silencer housing for reheating. Thus a continuous circulation of air in the manner described is en'ected. When a less demand for heat is made within the building, both sets of dampers will be concurrently posltioned somewhere between full-open and fullclosed position, whereby a certain portion of the heated air within the silencer housing may now to the building through passage 3l. while the remainder may pass to the atmosphere through the opening ll. 0n warm days. or during the summer season, the thermostat I! may cause the motor to operate the dampers 3| to full-closed position and the dampers Il to full-,open position, whereby the heated air in the silencer housing will be entirely vented to atmosphere. In such instances, the building will be fully ventilated through a forced circulation of -air therethrough, as created by the blower 2l.

Additional heat may be added to the air circulating in the system above described. through a suitable heat transfer element deriving its heat from the engine water cooling system. Accordingly, a radiator 45 -is arranged adjacently to or in the inlet end 2l of air conduit 24, so as to beA directly in the path of air flow created by the fan or blower-1I. A pipe 46 connects the radiator .to the inlet end of the engine cooling jacket (not shown) while a pipe l1 leads from the jacket outlet to the inlet of a motor-driven circulation pump 4l. The pump discharge is delivered to the radiator through a pipe l. It will be understood of course, thatvthe primary function of the radiator It. as assisted by the blower 28 creating a positive flow of air in contact therewith, is to cool the jacket water in the engine cooling system, and this function of the elements referred to must be maintained irrespective and wholly independent of space heating demand within the building. In order to vary the cooling effect of the radiator-'and blower on the jacket water as conditions of engine operal vtion change. the blower operating motor 29 illustrated in the present embodiment of the invention. is by preference of a variable speed type. Speed control of the motor and hence of the blower 2l, to vary the rate of air-flow in contact with the radiator, is desirably made a .function of the jacket water temperature, and for this purpose there is illustrated diagrammatically in the drawing, a control circuit including a thermostatic device suitably located in. the jacket water return pipe 46, so as tol be responsive toy the temperature of the jacket water circulating therethrough. A control device 5| of suitable type, is associated with motor 20 through the electrical connection 52, and is supplied with 1 Vblower speed, proportionately to a lower jacket water temperature, will likewise occur in response to the functioning of the thermostat 50.

In certain installations of the present system, it may be desirable to further conditiongthe heated air utilized for space-heating, by regulating its moisture-content in response to a humidostat suitably located in the space to be air-conditioned. Accordingly, a water-spray means asin the conduit 2l. The spray means or nozzle device 5l is supplied 'with water from a suitable source (not shown) through a supply pipe 5B. and is controlled by a suitable valve 51 prefermay be located in the path of air circulation,

ably of automatic typ. asan eiectro-magnetiealv ly actuated valve. A humidostat Il arranged within the building I l preferably near the thermostat 35. controls the valve through a circuit connection 89. while'l power is supplied to the.

valve through a connection Il from the power main 36. 'I'he function of the humidostat-controlled spray means is well understood. hence will not be here described.'

The present invention. as derstood from the foregoing description of the illustrated embodiment thereof, provides a coin- 5' bined power, heating, Ventilating and humiditying system including an internal combustion engine, in which the engine serves-as the source of both power and heat, the latter being found in the waste heat resulting from the operation of.- the engine. The complete system attains a fully automatic control of the heating. ventilating and humidifying features, the control thereof being responsive #to temperature and humidity conditions existing in the space to be air-conditioned.

win 'be readily A Since the embodiment illustrated in the drawing go is primarily in the nature of a preferred diagrammatic showing thereof, it is to be understoodthat the arrangement of the elements included in the y system may be modified or otherwise altered to suit each installation of the system.

65 As before noted, the system is readily applicable for the purposes described, to buildingsgenerally, automotive vehicles, aircraft, ships, etc..

and in all of its applicaticns.'the system may be readily adapted to meet all or any part of the 70 power, heating and Ventilating requirements, as

desired. It isto beunderstood that the invention exempliiled inthe preferred embodiment illmtrated and described hereinabove, is not to be solely to the particular embodiment shown, but that this may be altered or modined withoutaffecting the spirit and scope of the invention, as defined in the laccompanying claims.

I claim:

l. The combination in a heating and ventilating system, of an internal combustion engine provided with an exhaust discharge conduit means, an exhaust silencer in the circuit of said conduit means, a cooling system for the engine arranged for the rejection of engine heat and of a type utilizing a cooling liquid, a radiator constitutin an element of said system, means for impelling a current. of air through said radiator and about said exhaust silencer, meansin the cooling system for circulating the cooling liquid between and within the engine and radiator, a confined space, such as a room, to be heated, means i'or variably proportioning the now of heated air from said radiator and exhaust silencer to the space to be heated, a thermostatic device in controlling relation with said air-impelling means, and operable in accordance with variations in engine cooling-liquid temperature, and a second thermostatic device arranged to control said proportioning means in accordance with variations of the temperature of the space to be heated.

2. In a system oi.' the type described, the com'- bination of an internal combustion engine y of jacket-cooled type, a iluid circulating Jacket cooling system functionally associated with the en- .gine jacket, said cooling system including a heatthe atmosphere. thermcstatic means responsive to temperature conditions in said space, for controlling operation of said motor, and thermostatically operated means in control of said blower and responsive to the temperature of the fluid circulated in said .engine jacket system, for controlling jthe speed of said blower.

3. In a system of the type described, the combination oi' an internal combustion engine of jacket-cooled type, a fluid circulating jacket cooling system functionally associated with the engine jacket, andincluding a heat-exchanger, an exhaust discharge system for the engine, including an exhaust silencer, a space to be air-conditioned. a variable speed blower for circulating air from said space into contact withsaid heat exchanger to be heated thereby, and thus to cool the ensine jacket nuid circulated through the heat exchanger, conduit means for conducting said air after contact with the heat exchanger, into contact with said exhaust silencer, to be further heated thereby, said conduit means having air-discharge ports open to atmosphere and to the space to be air-conditioned, aircontrol means operatively associated with said discharge ports and including a single operating motor therefor, adapted for proportioning the :low of heated air after contact with said exhaust silencer, to' the space and to the 4atmosphere,

thermostatic means responsive to the temperature conditions in said space for controlling operation of said motor, and thermostatically oper.- ated means in control of said blower and responsive to the temperature of the iiuid circulated in said engine jacket system, for controlling the speed of said blower.

4. In a heating system for a space to be heated, the combination of an internal combustion engine of jacket-cooled type. a iluid circulating jacket cooling system functionally associated with the engine jacket and including a radiator and a pump for circulating the cooling fluid in said system and radiator, a space to be airconditioned, a variable speed blower arranged adjacent said radiator for circulating air from said space into contact with the radiator to be heated thereby, and thus to cool the engine jacket nuid circulated in the jacket cooling system, an exhaust discharge system for said engine, including an exhaust silencer,- an enclosure for said exhaust silencer providing an air jacket 4about vthe silencer, a conduit section communicating with said air jacket and providing an air inlet thereto.

said radiator and blower being arranged within said inlet conduit, said enclosure having spaced air discharge ports open to the atmosphere and to said space to be air-conditioned', air control means operatively associated with each of said ports. actuating means for said control means, including a single operating motor therefor. said air control means being adapted for proportioning the discharge of heated air through said ports to atmosphere and to said space, thermostatic means responsive to the temperature conditions` in said space, for controlling operation of said motor, and thermostatically operated means in control of said blower and responsive to the temperature of the fluid circulated in said engine Jacket system, for controlling the speed of said blower.

FRITZ PAUL GRUTZNER. 

